Journal article
Scientific Data, 2025
APA
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Kowal, M., Sorokowski, P., Gjoneska, B., Pisanski, K., Pfuhl, G., Aguilar, L. A., … Prazeres, F. (2025). Cross-cultural data on romantic love and mate preferences from 117,293 participants across 175 countries. Scientific Data.
Chicago/Turabian
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Kowal, M., Piotr Sorokowski, B. Gjoneska, K. Pisanski, G. Pfuhl, Leonardo A. Aguilar, Steve M. J. Janssen, et al. “Cross-Cultural Data on Romantic Love and Mate Preferences from 117,293 Participants across 175 Countries.” Scientific Data (2025).
MLA
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Kowal, M., et al. “Cross-Cultural Data on Romantic Love and Mate Preferences from 117,293 Participants across 175 Countries.” Scientific Data, 2025.
BibTeX Click to copy
@article{m2025a,
title = {Cross-cultural data on romantic love and mate preferences from 117,293 participants across 175 countries},
year = {2025},
journal = {Scientific Data},
author = {Kowal, M. and Sorokowski, Piotr and Gjoneska, B. and Pisanski, K. and Pfuhl, G. and Aguilar, Leonardo A. and Janssen, Steve M. J. and Gelbart, B. and Arriaga, P. and Antfolk, J. and Zvončáková, Katarina and Lidborg, Linda H. and Contreras-Garduño, Jorge and Kozlov, Mikhail V. and Milfont, T. and Varella, M. and Križanić, Valerija and Boussena, Mahmoud and Kavčič, Tina and da Silva, Diana Ribeiro and Hamdaoui, Brahim and Sahli, Fatima Zahra and Massar, K. and Deschrijver, Eliane and Ishii, Tatsunori and Çetinkaya, Hakan and Senyk, O. and Guemaz, Farida and Ponnet, Koen and Don, Yahya and Šakan, D. and Yoo, Gyesook and Nussinson, Ravit and Ungaretti, J. and Can, Ali R and Duyar, I. and Čeněk, J. and Carneiro, J. and Meskó, Norbert and Kozma, Luca and Nyhus, E. and Vintilă, M. and Zerhouni, O. and Pazhoohi, Farid and Zupančič, M. and Söylemez, Sinem and Wang, Austin H and Papadatou-Pastou, M. and Banai, Irena Pavela and Prokop, P. and Fauzee, M. S. Omar and Afhami, Reza and Natividade, J. and Baiocco, R. and Morelli, Mara and Aavik, T. and Toplu-Demirtaş, Ezgi and Tulyakul, Singha and Włodarczyk, Anna and Chegeni, Razieh and Santos, Anabela Caetano and Grigoryev, Dmitry and Dubrov, D. and Chubinidze, Dimitri and Ikizer, Gözde and Burduli, Nana and Czamanski-Cohen, J. and Amin, Rizwana and Roussos, Petros and Hristova, E. and Sargautytė, R. and Pirtskhalava, Ekaterine and Avirmed, Tenuunjargal and Najmussaqib, Arooj and Charyate, A. and Batool, Shagufta and Volkodav, Tatiana and Kunisato, Yoshihiko and Yamada, Y. and Toyama, Asako and Perun, M. and Dural, S. and Mandzyk, Tetyana and Studzinska, A. and Spasovski, O. and García, Felipe E and Grano, C. and Boğa, Merve and Koyuncu, Mehmet and Singh, Sangeeta and Park, Ju Hee and Atamtürk, Derya and Lins, S. and Pírko, Martin and Lacko, D. and Aczél, B. and Kocsor, Ferenc and Putz, Ádám and Otterbring, T. and Kačmár, Pavol and Manunta, E. and Besson, Théo and Moharrampour, Nasim Ghahraman and Solak, Çağlar and Dinić, Bojana M. and Estevan, I. and Bulut, Merve Topcu and Kervyn, Nicolas and Mebarak, Moisés and Lu, Jackson G. and Plohl, N. and Musil, Bojan and Samekin, A. and Miroshnik, Kirill G. and Cornec, C. and Giammusso, Isabella and Reips, Ulf-Dietrich and Miccoli, Maria Rosa and Parise, M. and Stöckli, S. and Marot, T. and Aquino, S. D. and Londero-Santos, A. and Chirumbolo, A. and Memisoglu-Sanli, Aybegum and Valentova, J. and Karaarslan, Cemre and Hromatko, Ivana and Kertechian, K. S. and Çoker, Ogeday and Ribeiro, Matheus F F and Batres, C. and Dalgar, Ilker and Eder, S. and Mišetić, Katarina and Argyrides, M. and Mikuličiūtė, Vita and Mari, Silvia and Oberzaucher, Elisabeth and Masuch, Kathrin and Mattiassi, Alan D. A. and Omar, S. and Piccinelli, Elena and Caglar, E. and Lamela, D. and Frederick, David A. and Kobylarek, Aleksander and Pacquing, M. C. T. and Reyes, M. E. S. and Zumárraga-Espinosa, Marcos and Fekih-Romdhane, F. and Yepes, Talía Gómez and Etchezahar, Edgardo and Galasinska, Katarzyna and Röer, J. P. and Şahin, Ayşegül and Landa-Blanco, Miguel and Ndukaihe, I. and Urbanek, Arkadiusz and Tan, Chee-Seng and Castro, Rita and Čunichina, K. and Krasnodębska, Anna and Conroy-Beam, Daniel and Ostaszewski, Franciszek and Chałatkiewicz, I. and Abad-Villaverde, Beatriz and Trémolière, B. and Arvanitis, Alexios and Topanova, Gulmira and Chopik, W. and Akello, G. and Pagani, A. and Donato, Silvia and Fedor, Peter and Frąckowiak, Tomasz and Ozer, Simon and Mayorga-Lascano, Marlon and Khan, Farah and Fisher, Maryanne L and Maturan, P. L. G. and Semenovskikh, T. and Dutt, Sanjana and Tamayo-Agudelo, William and Ismukhanova, G. and Al-Shawaf, Laith and Angelucci, Luisa T. and Bode, Adam and Balım, Sercan and Dacanay, J. and Atama, C. and Campbell, K. and Simões, T. A. and Özener, Barış and Błauciak, Paula and Prazeres, Filipe}
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Psychological studies on close relationships have often overlooked cultural diversity, dynamic processes, and potentially universal principles that shape intimate partnerships. To address the limited generalizability of previous research and advance our understanding of romantic love experiences, mate preferences, and physical attractiveness, we conducted a large-scale cross-cultural survey study on these topics. A total of 404 researchers collected data in 45 languages from April to August 2021, involving 117,293 participants from 175 countries. Aside from standard demographic questions, the survey included valuable information on variables relevant to romantic relationships: intimate, passionate, and committed love within romantic relationships, physical-attractiveness enhancing behaviors, gender equality endorsement, collectivistic attitudes, personal history of pathogenic diseases, relationship quality, jealousy, personal involvement in sexual and/or emotional infidelity, relational mobility, mate preferences, and acceptance of sugar relationships. The resulting dataset provides a rich resource for investigating patterns within, and associations across, a broad range of variables relevant to romantic relationships, with extensive opportunities to analyze individual experiences worldwide.